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作品 · 社会学与社会理论

意识形态与乌托邦

1929 · 作者: 卡尔·曼海姆

一切思想都受社会位置的束缚;意识形态使秩序稳定,乌托邦则超越秩序——而“自由漂浮”的知识阶层至少可以部分地看出自己立场之外的东西。

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简介

Karl Mannheim, a Hungarian-born sociologist then teaching at Heidelberg, published Ideologie und Utopie in 1929; a year later he became professor in Frankfurt. The book develops the sociology of knowledge: thinking is tied to the social position of those who think, so the critique of ideology must be extended from the views of one’s opponents to all views, including one’s own. Mannheim calls this the “total” as opposed to the “particular” concept of ideology and proposes “relationism” to avoid mere relativism. The German reception was intense, with sharp criticism from Max Horkheimer, among others. The English edition of 1936, expanded by new chapters, became a standard text of sociology.

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