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空海

774–835

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

整个宇宙是宇宙佛的身体和声音，所以即身成佛，在今生今世就可以达到开悟。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 宗教, 形而上学, 语言

日本真言宗的创立者，曾赴中国求学：宇宙是大日如来佛的身体与言语，而成佛可以在“此身”中实现。

核心思想

  • 即身成佛
  • 十住心
  • 宇宙是佛的说法

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 龙树

    受其影响

    Kūkai counted Nagarjuna as third patriarch of esoteric Buddhism, who by legend received it in an iron stupa in South India (Record of the Transmission, 821). Kūkai, Himitsu mandara kyō fuhōden (821); R. Abé, The Weaving of Mantra: Kūkai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse (1999)

    依据: AI 草稿

    龙树 › 约150–250年

  • 法藏

    受其影响

    In The Ten Stages of Mind (Jūjūshinron, c. 830) Kūkai ranked Kegon, the Huayan teaching of Fazang, ninth, as the highest exoteric teaching just below esoteric Shingon. Kūkai, Himitsu mandara jūjūshinron (c. 830); Y. S. Hakeda, Kūkai: Major Works (1972)

    依据: AI 草稿

    法藏 › 643–712

作品

  • 约830年十住心论（Jūjūshinron）

    为天皇而作：十种心的阶梯，从动物的冲动，经由儒家和佛教的教义，直至密教的真言宗。

立场

Kūkai distinguished the exoteric teachings, which the historical Buddha adapted to his listeners, from the esoteric teaching spoken directly by the cosmic Buddha Mahavairocana. The whole universe – the six elements of earth, water, fire, wind, space and consciousness – is this Buddha’s body, and all sounds and forms are his preaching. Through the three mysteries of body, speech and mind – ritual gestures, sacred formulas (mantra) and visualisation – the practitioner unites with the Buddha and can realise buddhahood in this very body. In The Ten Stages of Mind he ranked the teachings of his day, from Confucianism through Madhyamaka and Huayan, with esoteric Shingon at the summit.

生平与背景

Kūkai was born in 774 in Sanuki province on Shikoku. He left the state academy to live as a wandering Buddhist ascetic. In 804 he sailed to China with an official embassy; in Chang’an the esoteric master Huiguo made him his heir. Back in Japan from 806, he founded the monastery on Mount Kōya and received Tōji in Kyoto. He died in 835; posterity honours him as Kōbō Daishi.

其他主要作品

  • Indications of the Goals of the Three Teachings (Sangō shiiki, 797)
  • Attaining Buddhahood in This Very Body (Sokushin jōbutsu gi, early 9th century)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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