艾尔顿·克雷纳克

作品

• 2019推迟世界末日的想法

  根据2017—2019年的演讲和访谈整理的短文，其中包括在里斯本的一次演讲，批评与大地分离的单一“人类”观念，并在原住民的故事、河流和山岳中看到阻止天空坠落的道路。

立场

Krenak is on the map as a thinker who carries arguments of the Indigenous movement into contemporary philosophy and public debate in Brazil. “Ideas to Postpone the End of the World” (2019) asks who belongs to the “humanity” that modern societies invoke: a club that has separated itself from the Earth, treats rivers and mountains as resources and calls on everyone else, Indigenous peoples and the poor alike, to join it in the name of development. For the Krenak the Rio Doce is a grandfather, Watu, and its poisoning after the dam collapse of 2015 is an injury to a relative, not only damage to the environment. To postpone the end of the world means to keep telling stories, to dream, to keep many worlds and ways of being alive and, as Krenak puts it with reference to Yanomami shamans, to keep the sky from falling. In later books such as “A vida não é útil” (2020) and “Futuro ancestral” (2022) Krenak criticises the demand that life be useful and speaks of an “ancestral future” in which the past is not left behind. The essays are widely read in Brazil, reviewed in academic journals and translated into several languages. No documented links yet connect Krenak with others on the map.

生平与背景

Ailton Krenak was born in 1953 in Itabirinha in the valley of the Rio Doce in Minas Gerais, into the Krenak people, whose land and communities had been reduced and dispersed by colonisation and state policy over the twentieth century. In the 1980s Krenak became one of the leaders of the Indigenous movement in Brazil, in the União das Nações Indígenas and, together with the rubber tappers of Chico Mendes, in the Aliança dos Povos da Floresta. On 4 September 1987 Krenak spoke in the National Constituent Assembly against attacks on Indigenous rights, painting the face black with genipapo while speaking; the Constitution of 1988 recognised the original rights of Indigenous peoples to the lands they traditionally occupy. Krenak later founded the Núcleo de Cultura Indígena and worked in Indigenous cultural projects and as a lecturer. After the collapse of the Fundão tailings dam near Mariana in 2015, whose mud poisoned the Rio Doce, Krenak became a prominent critic of mining in Brazil. Krenak received an honorary doctorate from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora in 2016 and in 2023 was elected the first Indigenous member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras.

其他主要作品

• Ideas to Postpone the End of the World (Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo, 2019)
• Tomorrow Is Not for Sale (O amanhã não está à venda, 2020)
• Life Is Not Useful (A vida não é útil, 2020)
• Ancestral Future (Futuro ancestral, 2022)