尼克·博斯特罗姆
在博斯特罗姆看来，有些风险可能终结人类的整个未来，因此降低这些风险——包括来自比我们更聪明的人工智能的风险——也许是我们能做的最重要的事情之一。
定位
瑞典哲学家，牛津人类未来研究所的创始所长（2005—2024年）：我们可能生活在一个计算机模拟之中；可能终结人类未来的“生存风险”——尤其是超级智能的人工智能——应当得到优先对待。
核心思想
- 生存风险
- 模拟论证
- 超级智能与人工智能对齐
影响
受影响于 1
德里克·帕菲特
受其影响
Bostrom used Parfit’s comparison of a war killing 99 per cent of humanity with one killing everyone to argue that reducing existential risk is a global priority (2013). N. Bostrom, “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority”, Global Policy 4 (2013); D. Parfit, Reasons and Persons (1984)
依据: AI 草稿
德里克·帕菲特 › 1942–2017
立场
Bostrom’s work spans probability theory, the philosophy of technology and ethics. “Anthropic Bias” examines observation selection effects: how the fact that we exist as observers should shape our reasoning about the universe. His “simulation argument” claims that at least one of three propositions is true: almost all civilisations at our level die out before reaching technological maturity; almost none of those that reach it are interested in simulating their ancestors; or we are almost certainly living in a computer simulation. He introduced the concept of “existential risk” – a risk that would annihilate Earth-originating intelligent life or permanently and drastically curtail its potential – and argued that, given the vast number of future lives at stake, reducing such risks should be a global priority. “Superintelligence” argued that machine intelligence surpassing ours could arrive suddenly and that aligning its goals with human values is an unsolved problem of the first importance; the book shaped public debate on AI safety. Critics question the speculative character of these scenarios, the use of expected-value reasoning about the far future and his transhumanist assumptions. “Deep Utopia” asks what could give life meaning in a world where technology has solved our problems.
生平与背景
Nick Bostrom (born Niklas Boström in 1973 in Helsingborg, Sweden) studied philosophy, physics and computational neuroscience in Gothenburg, Stockholm and London and took his doctorate at the London School of Economics in 2000. After teaching at Yale he moved to Oxford, where in 2005 he founded the Future of Humanity Institute; he directed it until the university closed it in April 2024 and now leads the Macrostrategy Research Initiative, a nonprofit. In 1998 he co-founded the World Transhumanist Association. In January 2023 he published an apology for a racist email he had sent to a mailing list in the mid-1990s.
主要作品
- Existential Risks (2002)
- Anthropic Bias (2002)
- Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? (2003)
- Superintelligence (2014)
- The Vulnerable World Hypothesis (2019)
- Deep Utopia (2024)
出现在
截至 2026年11月 · 来源 · 改进本页 · Agora 是如何制作的