Liang Qichao
Chiny potrzebują nowych obywateli z duchem publicznym i prawami, bo nowoczesny naród buduje się z charakteru jego ludzi.
Umiejscowienie
Uczeń Kang Youweia i jeden z najczęściej czytanych publicystów późnych Qing: „nowy obywatel” z moralnością publiczną i prawami jako podstawa nowoczesnego narodu.
Kluczowe idee
- Nowy obywatel (xinmin)
- Moralność publiczna
- Wprowadzenie filozofii zachodniej
Nauczyciele: Kang Youwei
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 5
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
pod wpływem
Liang Qichao introduced Rousseau’s social contract and popular sovereignty in ‘On Rousseau’ (Lusuo xue’an, 1901), turning after 1903 to Bluntschli’s theory of the state. Liang Qichao, Lusuo xue’an (1901); Zhengzhixue dajia Bolunzhili zhi xueshuo (1903); H. Chang, Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Intellectual Transition in China (1971)
Źródło: szkic AI
Jean-Jacques Rousseau › 1712–1778
Immanuel Kant
pod wpływem
Liang Qichao introduced Kant to Chinese readers via Japanese sources in an essay series of 1903–04, explaining Kant’s moral freedom through Buddhism and Wang Yangming’s innate knowing. Liang Qichao, “Jinshi diyi dazhe Kangde zhi xueshuo”, Xinmin congbao (1903–04); H. Chang, Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Intellectual Transition in China (1971)
Źródło: szkic AI
Immanuel Kant › 1724–1804
Jeremy Bentham
pod wpływem
In 1902 Liang introduced Bentham’s utilitarianism to Chinese readers in Xinmin congbao (“The Doctrine of Bentham, Master of Utilitarianism”), reworking it rather than simply adopting it. Liang Qichao, “Leli zhuyi taidou Bianqin zhi xueshuo”, Xinmin congbao (1902)
Źródło: szkic AI
Jeremy Bentham › 1748–1832
Yan Fu
pod wpływem
Liang Qichao read Yan Fu’s Tianyanlun in manuscript in 1896 and discussed it in a letter to him (1897); its struggle among nations shaped his political thought. B. Schwartz, In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the West (1964); H. Chang, Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Intellectual Transition in China (1971)
Źródło: szkic AI
Yan Fu › 1854–1921
Kang Youwei nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka) ✓
Liang, already a juren graduate, became Kang’s student in Canton in 1890 and studied at his Wanmu Caotang academy; he assisted Kang with his reform writings and in the Hundred Days’ Reform (1898). Liang Qichao, Sanshi zishu (1902); H. Chang, Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Intellectual Transition in China (1971)
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Kang Youwei › 1858–1927
Dzieła
Seria esejów wzywających Chińczyków, by stali się obywatelami z prawami, duchem publicznym i przedsiębiorczą wolą.
Stanowisko
Liang Qichao argued that China would survive in a Darwinian world of competing nations only if its people became “new citizens” (xinmin): bearers of rights and duties with a public morality oriented to the nation, not just the private virtues of family and friendship. Through Japanese translations he introduced Chinese readers to Rousseau, Kant, Bentham, Darwin and many others. Disappointed by his visit to America in 1903, he moved from liberal hopes to advocating enlightened authoritarian rule for a transition period. After the First World War he doubted Western materialism and stressed the value of Chinese tradition. His histories of Qing scholarship renewed interest in Dai Zhen.
Życie i kontekst
Liang Qichao was born in 1873 in Xinhui (Guangdong) and became Kang Youwei’s student in 1890. After the Hundred Days’ Reform he fled to Japan in 1898, where his journals, above all the New Citizen Journal (1902–07), made him the most widely read publicist of his generation. After 1912 he served as a minister in the Republic, toured post-war Europe and later taught at Tsinghua. He died in 1929.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- On the New Citizen (Xinmin shuo, 1902–1906)
- Intellectual Trends in the Qing Period (Qingdai xueshu gailun, 1920)
- Impressions of a Journey through Europe (Ouyou xinying lu, 1920)
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