社会系统

简介

Niklas Luhmann, a former administrative civil servant who taught at the newly founded University of Bielefeld from 1968, regarded Soziale Systeme (1984) as the real beginning of his theory and called his earlier books a “zero series”. The book reworks systems theory with ideas from biology (Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela’s concept of autopoiesis, self-production), cybernetics and George Spencer-Brown’s logic of distinctions. Social systems consist not of people but of communications, each a unity of information, utterance and understanding; human beings, as psychic and organic systems, belong to society’s environment. Further key concepts are meaning, complexity and double contingency. The book prepared Luhmann’s Theory of Society (1997).

联系

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• 社会系统1951 · 塔尔科特·帕森斯