自然象征

简介

Natural Symbols appeared in 1970, four years after Purity and Danger, and in Douglas’s own account gave up that book’s contrast between “primitive” and modern religion. Borrowing from the sociolinguist Basil Bernstein, she related the coherence of symbolic systems to the boundedness of social groups and introduced the scheme of “grid” and “group”. A chapter on “the two bodies” treats the physical body as the medium through which the social body expresses its demands for control. Douglas framed the book as an answer to a modern “contempt of ritual”, illustrated by the reaction of London’s Irish Catholics when the Church ended the rule of abstaining from meat on Fridays. Reviewers such as Edmund Leach read it as a defence of ritual, hierarchy and Catholicism.

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• 洁净与危险1966 · 玛丽·道格拉斯

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• 1966洁净与危险