左与右：政治区分的意义

简介

“Left and Right” was published in early 1994, shortly before the first Italian elections after the collapse of the old party system, and sold widely; an English translation followed in 1996. Against the claim that the distinction had become obsolete after 1989, Bobbio argues that it persists because it reflects a lasting difference: the left regards most inequalities as social and removable, the right accepts many of them as natural or unavoidable. A second axis, the attitude towards liberty, separates moderates from extremists on both sides, so that Bobbio arrives at four positions, from the authoritarian extreme left through the liberal-socialist centre-left and the conservative centre-right to the authoritarian extreme right. The book provoked a wide debate in Italy and abroad; critics objected that a single criterion simplifies too much, and Bobbio answered them in later writings.

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