الأخلاق وحدود الفلسفة (Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy)

مقدمة

Published in 1985, the book is Williams’s most comprehensive statement in ethics. He takes up Socrates’ question “How should one live?” and argues that neither Kantian nor utilitarian theory can answer it from an Archimedean point outside ethical life. What he calls “the morality system” – a special form of ethics centred on obligation, blame and the voluntary – distorts that life. Thick ethical concepts such as courage, cruelty or treachery, which combine description and evaluation, can yield knowledge within a way of life, yet reflection can destroy such knowledge. Williams discusses relativism, proposes a “relativism of distance” and remains sceptical that philosophy can provide ethics with foundations.

الصلات

يستند إلى

• الأخلاق النيقوماخيةنحو 340 ق.م · أرسطو

ينتقد

• أسس غيبيات الأخلاق1785 · إيمانويل كانط

مزيد من أعمال بيرنارد وليمز

• 1973النفعية: لها وعليها (Utilitarianism: For and Against)
• 1976الحظ الأخلاقي (Moral Luck)