论灵魂与生命

简介

“On the Soul and Life”, printed in Basel in 1538, is Vives’ late treatise on psychology, written after years of work on education. Its three books treat the vital and sensitive powers, the powers of the rational soul – understanding, memory, reason and will – and the emotions. Its programme is stated early: what the soul is matters little for us to know, but what it is like and how it works matters a great deal. Vives therefore describes how memory retains and recalls, how ideas are linked by association, how habits form, and how emotions such as love, joy, anger, envy and fear arise, mix and can be guided. The work draws on Aristotle and Galen but relies on observation and everyday experience. Historians of psychology read it as an early empirical psychology, and its account of the emotions belongs to the background of later theories of the passions.

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