论义务（De officiis）

简介

Cicero’s last philosophical work, written in late 44 BCE as a letter in three books to his son Marcus, then a student in Athens. Book I treats the honourable (honestum) through the four cardinal virtues, Book II the useful (utile), Book III apparent conflicts between them, with examples such as the general Regulus, who returned to Carthage to keep his oath. Cicero follows the Stoic Panaetius but adds Roman cases and his own judgement. Written months after Caesar’s murder, the text is also a political statement against tyranny. It was one of the first classical works to be printed (Mainz, 1465) and was long a standard school text.

阅读全文

• Wikisource (拉丁语)

免费全文，常为较早的版本或译本

联系

被批评于

• 君主论1513 · 尼科洛·马基雅维利

西塞罗 的更多作品

• 约公元前51年年论共和国（De re publica）
• 约公元前45年年论善恶之极（De finibus）