社会学方法

简介

“The Method of Sociology” appeared in New York in 1934. It sets out to give sociology its own object and method. Social data are cultural data and carry a “humanistic coefficient”: they belong to someone’s experience and must be taken as the actors take them, not as natural things. Against enumerative induction, which looks for statistical regularities, Znaniecki proposes analytic induction: the thorough analysis of a few cases in search of essential features, revised whenever a negative case appears. The proposal was taken up by Alfred Lindesmith and Donald Cressey and remains a reference point in qualitative methodology, though critics such as W. S. Robinson (1951) argued that it cannot by itself establish causal laws.

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