马克思主义的主要流派

简介

Completed in Oxford, the Polish original appeared in three volumes with the émigré Instytut Literacki in Paris (1976–78) and the English translation by P. S. Falla in 1978; in Poland it circulated in underground editions before 1989. The first volume traces the roots of Marx’s thought in Neoplatonic and Christian ideas of salvation, in Hegel and the Young Hegelians; the second covers the “golden age” of the Second International, from Kautsky and Luxemburg to Lenin; the third describes Stalinism and the later currents, from Trotsky, Lukács and the Frankfurt School to Mao. Kołakowski’s thesis is that Marx’s promise of a perfect unity of human beings contained the seed of its despotic realisation. Critics found the book partial towards Western Marxism and too ready to read Marx through his political outcome.

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