सामाजिक सिद्धांत और सामाजिक संरचना

परिचय

Robert K. Merton, a sociologist at Columbia University who had studied with Parsons and Pitirim Sorokin at Harvard, published the collection in 1949 and enlarged it in 1957 and 1968. Its introduction argues for “theories of the middle range” between all-embracing systems and theory-free fact-gathering. The essay on functional analysis distinguishes manifest from latent functions – the urban political machine, for instance, helps immigrants in ways reformers overlook – and introduces dysfunctions and functional alternatives. Other essays include “Social Structure and Anomie” (1938), with its typology of conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion, the essay on the self-fulfilling prophecy, illustrated by a run on a sound bank, and studies of reference groups, bureaucracy and the sociology of science.

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• समाजशास्त्रीय पद्धति के नियम1895 · एमिल दुरकेम