Work · Sociology & Social Theory
Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization
Summary of his peace theory: it adds “cultural violence” – ideas that make direct and structural violence appear legitimate – and proposes ways of transforming conflicts creatively and without violence.
Introduction
Published in 1996 in London by the Peace Research Institute Oslo and Sage, this book draws together four decades of Galtung’s work. Its four parts deal with peace theory, conflict theory, development theory and civilisation theory. It sets out the triangle of direct, structural and cultural violence, the last introduced in a 1990 article as the aspects of culture that legitimise the other two, and proposes methods for transforming conflicts by empathy, nonviolence and creativity. The book served as a textbook for the TRANSCEND approach to conflict work and is a standard reference for Galtung’s overall system.
Connections
Builds on
- Violence, Peace, and Peace Research1969 · Johan Galtung
More works by Johan Galtung
As of November 2026 · Improve this page · How Agora is made